Schedule of routine tests and examinations

At what time, when, what tests, tests, and examinations should be done to determine pregnancy, and the pregnant woman.

What tests do doctors use to determine pregnancy?

Doctors use several tests and methods to determine pregnancy.

The main ones include:

1. Home pregnancy tests

Urine-based tests. These tests detect the level of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) in the urine. They are usually available at the pharmacy and can be used early in pregnancy.

2. Blood tests.

Beta hCG. A blood test can accurately determine the level of hCG in the body. It can detect pregnancy earlier than urine tests and also helps to determine how the pregnancy is progressing.
Qualitative test. Checks the presence of hCG in the blood (positive or negative).
Quantitative test. Measures hCG levels and can give information about the development of a pregnancy.

3. Ultrasonography (ultrasound)

Ultrasound can be used to visualize the fetus and determine its heartbeat. It is usually done later in pregnancy, but can sometimes be used early to confirm pregnancy and rule out ectopic pregnancy.

4. general clinical tests

Your doctor may order other tests to evaluate your overall health, but they are not specific to determining pregnancy.

5. Physical Examination

Your doctor may perform a physical exam to assess possible signs of pregnancy, such as an enlarged uterus or changes in your breasts.

Each of these methods can be used depending on the gestational age and medical conditions. If there are doubts or questions about pregnancy, it is always best to consult your doctor.

What is the most common pregnancy test?

The most common pregnancy test is the home pregnancy test. These tests are available at most drugstores and are easy to use. Here are the main points about this test:

1. Principle of operation

Home tests determine the level of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) in the urine. This hormone begins to be produced after a fertilized egg implants in the uterine wall.

2. types of tests

Strip tests. Usually a plastic strip that you dip into urine. Two lines may appear on the strip, one indicating a control result and the other indicating pregnancy.
Cassette tests. Similar to strip tests, but have a more convenient format for use and visualization of the result.
Electronic tests. Provide a digital display of the result (for example, "pregnant" or "not pregnant"), which makes them more convenient for some women.

3. When to take the test?

The test is usually recommended from the first day of menstruation to increase the likelihood of an accurate result. Some tests may give results even a few days before your period is due, but accuracy may be lower.

4. test accuracy

Most home tests are highly accurate (up to 99%) if used according to the instructions. It is also advisable to confirm a positive result with a doctor.

A home pregnancy test is a quick and convenient way to find out if you are pregnant, but it is always better to consult a specialist for a definitive diagnosis and further follow-up.

How many days do I need to confirm a pregnancy?

Confirmation of pregnancy can vary depending on the method. Here are the main ways and timelines:

1. pregnancy test

Home tests. These can usually be used 1-2 days after you miss your period, which is often about 14 days after ovulation. The later you take the test, the more likely you are to get an accurate result.

2. Blood tests.

Clinical test. A chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) blood test can show pregnancy earlier - about 7 to 10 days after conception. This may be more accurate than a home test.

3. Ultrasonography (ultrasound)

Ultrasound can confirm pregnancy usually 5-6 weeks after the last menstruation. At this stage, you can already see the fetal heartbeat.

If you suspect pregnancy, it is best to consult a doctor who can help you determine the timing and methods that are right for you. Measuring hCG levels and ultrasound are the most reliable ways to confirm pregnancy.

What are the three types of pregnancy tests?

There are three main types of pregnancy tests, each with their own methods and characteristics:

1. Home pregnancy tests

Principle of operation. These tests detect the level of the hormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the urine. HCG begins to be produced after the implantation of a fertilized egg.
Advantages. Ease of use, accessibility and the ability to perform the test at any time and place of convenience.
Disadvantages. Can sometimes give false results (both false positives and false negatives), especially if the test is done too early.

2. Blood tests

Principle of operation. This is a more accurate method that measures the level of hCG in the blood. There are two types of tests: quantitative (to determine the level of hCG) and qualitative (to determine whether the hormone is present).
Advantages. More sensitive and accurate, can detect pregnancy earlier than home tests. HCG levels can give information about pregnancy status.
Disadvantages. Needs to be checked at a medical facility, may take longer to get results.

3. Ultrasonography (ultrasound)

Principle of operation. Allows visualization of pregnancy by determining the presence of a fertilized egg in the uterus.
Benefits. Allows you to see fetal development and determine if the pregnancy is normal (for example, to rule out ectopic pregnancy).
Disadvantages. Not used for initial pregnancy testing, usually done later to confirm pregnancy.

Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on individual circumstances and preferences. If pregnancy is suspected, it is always or better to consult a doctor.

What is the 4th pregnancy test?

A fourth pregnancy test (also known as a 4D ultrasound or 4D uzi) is an advanced form of ultrasound that produces volumetric and dynamic images of the fetus.

In any of our clinics, in Brazil, you can take this test.

It includes several key aspects:

1. What is 4D ultrasound?

4D ultrasound provides "live" images, allowing you to see how the fetus is moving. Unlike 2D and 3D ultrasound, which provide flat or static images, 4D ultrasound displays movement in real time.

2. When is a 4D ultrasound performed?

Most often, this examination is done in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, when the fetus is large enough and its movements can be clearly seen. This usually happens between 26 and 30 weeks.

3. Benefits of 4D ultrasound

Detailed information about fetal development. Allows doctors to assess fetal anatomy and development more accurately.
Emotional bonding. For expectant parents, this study can help establish an emotional connection with the baby because they can see the baby's movements and facial expressions.
Recognizing malformations. The doctor may notice some abnormalities or malformations that may be more difficult to see on routine ultrasounds.

4. limitations and disadvantages

Medical Justification. It is not uncommon for a 4D ultrasound to be optional and can be performed at the parents' request. However, it is important to remember that its primary purpose is for medical evaluation, not just to get pretty pictures.
Image quality. The quality of the images obtained may depend on the position of the baby, the amount of amniotic fluid, and other factors.

A 4D ultrasound can be a great way to see your baby and get important information about his or her condition.

However, in our clinics, in Florianopoli, the 4th pregnancy test is performed only when prescribed by a doctor and taking into account all recommendations.

What examinations are performed during pregnancy and when?

During pregnancy, various examinations are performed to monitor the health of the mother and the development of the fetus.

1. Regular visits to an obstetrician-gynecologist

Frequency. You should usually see your doctor every 4 weeks until 28 weeks, every 2 weeks until 36 weeks, and every week after 36 weeks.

Examinations. The doctor will perform general exams, abdominal height measurements, weight and blood pressure monitoring.

2. Blood tests

General blood test. To assess general health, hemoglobin levels and detect anemia.
Infection screening. Tests for syphilis, HIV, hepatitis and other infections.

3. urinalysis

Performed to detect urinary tract infections and to assess protein levels, which may indicate pre-eclampsia.

4. Ultrasonography (ultrasound)

First trimester. To determine gestational age and check the fetal heartbeat.
Second trimester. Standard ultrasound at 18-20 weeks to assess fetal anatomy and detect possible anomalies.
Third trimester. Ultrasound may be performed to assess fetal growth and placental position.

5. Pregnancy diabetes screening

Usually performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy to detect gestational diabetes.

6. Genetic tests

Tests for chromosomal abnormalities (e.g. trisomy 21). May be offered early in the pregnancy (e.g. through blood tests).
Invasive procedures. (e.g. chorionic biopsy or amniocentesis) may be recommended if the risk is high.

7. CTG (cardiotocography)

Performed in the third trimester to assess the fetal heart rate and detect possible stress.

8. Weight and blood pressure monitoring

It is important to monitor changes in weight and blood pressure at each appointment.

These examinations help to monitor the health of both mother and child and to detect possible risks and complications early. Keep in touch with your doctor to be informed about all the necessary examinations in your particular case!

This schedule of tests during pregnancy is generally accepted, and it is adhered to by all the world's specialists, including ours.

These tests help monitor maternal health and fetal development, and their description can be found in the article "Laboratory tests. What tests are performed during pregnancy?"

1. First trimester (1-12 weeks)

Pregnancy test. Determination of hCG hormone levels.
General blood test. Determines the hemoglobin level and the presence of anemia.
General urinalysis. Check for protein, glucose, and infections.
Blood group and Rh factor. Determination of maternal blood type and Rh factor.

Infection screening:
- HIV
- Hepatitis B
- Syphilis
- Chlamydiae
Glucose level test. Determining the risk of gestational diabetes.
Ultrasound (USG). Initial ultrasound to confirm pregnancy and estimate due date.

2. Second trimester (13-26 weeks)

General blood test. Re-analysis for control.
Urinalysis. A repeat one to check for infections.
Rubella antibody test. Immunity testing.
Tests for infections. Testing for viruses (e.g. parainfluenza, cytomegalovirus).
Second trimester ultrasound. To evaluate fetal anatomy and identify possible anomalies.
Screening for chromosomal abnormalities (e.g. Triple test or NIPT). Risk assessment for genetic disorders.

3. third trimester (27-40 weeks)

General blood test. Checking hemoglobin and the presence of anemia.
Urinalysis. Repeat to check for infections and protein.
Blood sugar test. Check for gestational diabetes.
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) test. Determination of the presence of the bacterium before delivery.
Third trimester ultrasound. To monitor the condition of the fetus and its growth.
Fetal monitoring. Participation in cardiotocography (CTG) closer to delivery.

Additional tests

Thyroid tests if there is suspicion or disease.
Genetic tests as indicated (if there is a family history of disease).

Keep in mind that the specific set of tests may vary depending on the country, the medical facilities and the individual characteristics of the pregnancy. It is always best to consult your doctor for recommendations tailored to your situation.

The doctors in our clinics are ready to give you a consultation. You can get a preliminary consultation from our consultants. You can ask your question in the feedback form, or contact our consultants by phone or WhatsApp (contact number), and our consultant will answer any of your questions. Moreover, all our consultations are free of charge and do not oblige you to anything.

Why are routine tests important during pregnancy?

Routine tests are standard medical tests that are performed to assess a patient's overall health and detect potential problems in the early stages. During pregnancy, routine tests help monitor the development of the fetus and the condition of the expectant mother.

The main types of routine tests during pregnancy:

1.Blood test.

Checking hemoglobin levels, blood type and Rh factor.
Tests for infections (e.g., HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B).

2.Urinalysis

Evaluate kidney function and identify possible infections.
Checking protein and glucose levels, which may indicate gestational diabetes or pre-eclampsia.

3.Ultrasound (USG). Usually performed at 11-14 weeks (first ultrasound) and at 20 weeks (second ultrasound) to assess fetal development.

4.Screening for genetic abnormalities. This may include blood tests and ultrasound to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome.

5.Glucose tolerance test. Usually performed at 24-28 weeks to detect gestational diabetes.

Why do we need routine tests?

Health Monitoring. Help monitor the health of the mother and fetus.

Early detection. Allows for early detection of diseases or disorders.

Childbirth planning. Information from the tests helps in choosing the safest approach to childbirth.

Regular routine tests are important to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. If you have additional questions or need more information, don't hesitate to ask!

Regular routine testing is essential for:

1. Early identification of problems

The tests help detect problems early, such as infections, anemia, or other conditions that can affect the health of the mother and baby.

2. Monitoring fetal health

Regular tests can monitor fetal development and health and detect potential abnormalities.

3. optimizing childbirth

Some tests can help you prepare for labor by identifying risks that may require a special approach to delivery.

4. Control over the condition of the mother

The tests help monitor a woman's health by detecting problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or vitamin deficiencies.

5. Prevention of complications

Regular check-ups allow you to react quickly to changes in your body and prevent possible complications such as pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes.

6. Maintaining psychological calm

Knowing about the health and well-being of the fetus gives expectant mothers confidence and reduces stress levels.

7. Individual approach

Based on the results of the tests, the doctor can individually approach each case, prescribing the necessary recommendations and treatment.

Regular tests are an important element of prenatal care to ensure the safety and health of both mothers and their future babies. It helps to prepare for childbirth and minimize future health risks.

What tests can be waived during pregnancy?

During pregnancy, the doctor prescribes many tests to monitor the health of both mother and child. However, there are some tests that can be waived, in clinics in Florianopoli, Brazil, if there is no indication or if they are not mandatory in your situation. Here are some of them:

1. Some screening tests

Some tests for genetic disorders, such as prenatal screening (for example, tests for Down syndrome), are optional. If you do not want to have them, that is your choice.

2. HIV test

Although an HIV test is usually recommended, in most countries, if you do not have risk factors or do not want one, you can refuse it. However, your doctor can explain the risks involved.

3. tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

These tests may also be recommended, but if you have no risk or symptoms, you can talk to your doctor about opting out.

4. Routine tests for certain infections

Some tests for infections, such as a test for hepatitis B or syphilis, may not be necessary depending on your previous tests. However, it is worth discussing their importance with your doctor.

How to make a decision

Discuss with your doctor. Before refusing any test, it is important to discuss it with your doctor to understand the possible risks and benefits.
Your preferences. After all, it is your health and your child's health, and you have the right to make decisions.

Refusal of tests is a choice that should be based on informed consent, understanding of risks and health preferences.

Schedule of routine tests and...